Quantum Resistance in Bitcoin Quiz

1. What is the primary concern regarding quantum computers and Bitcoin?

• Quantum computers will enhance Bitcoin mining efficiency.
• Quantum computers can increase transaction speeds.
• Quantum computers could break ECDSA security.
• Quantum computers can reduce block sizes in Bitcoin.

2. What is the name of the algorithm that could theoretically break ECDSA?

• Grover’s algorithm
• Shor’s algorithm
• Dijkstra’s algorithm
• Prim’s algorithm

3. How does Grover’s algorithm affect the security of SHA256?

• Grover`s algorithm increases the security strength of SHA256 to 512 bits.
• Grover`s algorithm completely breaks SHA256, making it unusable.
• Grover`s algorithm reduces the security strength of SHA256 to its square root, from 256 bits to 128 bits.
• Grover`s algorithm has no effect on the security of SHA256.

4. What is the recommended solution to overcome the reduced security of SHA256?

• Switching to a less secure hashing algorithm for compatibility.
• Using a roughly equivalent algorithm with twice as many security bits, such as going from SHA256 to SHA512.
• Relying on the existing SHA256 without any changes.
• Using the same SHA256 algorithm indefinitely.

5. What is the name of the cryptographic protocol framework used for encrypted communication in LN?

• Signal
• Whisper
• Noise
• Echo

6. How does the use of ECDSA in Bitcoin affect its quantum resistance?

• ECDSA public keys in Bitcoin are susceptible to Shor’s algorithm, making them insecure against quantum attacks.
• ECDSA encrypts transactions so that they are safe from any form of quantum decryption.
• ECDSA uses larger key sizes that are immune to quantum threats, ensuring complete security.
• ECDSA enhances Bitcoin`s quantum resistance, preventing any attacks from quantum computers.

7. What are quantum-resistant alternatives to ECDSA?

• Lamport Signatures
• DSA Signatures
• RSA Signatures
• HMAC Signatures

8. What is the primary advantage of using Lamport Signatures in Bitcoin?

• Lamport Signatures increase transaction fees significantly.
• Lamport Signatures are faster than traditional signatures.
• Lamport Signatures are less secure than ECDSA.
• Lamport Signatures do not require changes to the base layer of Bitcoin.

9. How does the implementation of Lamport Signatures differ from traditional upgrades?

• Lamport Signatures are implemented through a hard fork of Bitcoin.
• Lamport Signatures are coded in smart contracts, avoiding base layer changes.
• Lamport Signatures require a software update to the Bitcoin node.
• Lamport Signatures necessitate a complete overhaul of the Bitcoin network.

10. What is the current status of Bitcoin’s cryptographic system in terms of quantum resistance?

• Bitcoin’s cryptographic system uses outdated technology and is unaffected by quantum attacks.
• Bitcoin’s cryptographic system is currently vulnerable to quantum attacks.
• Bitcoin’s cryptographic system has eliminated vulnerability to quantum threats.
• Bitcoin’s cryptographic system is fully quantum-proof now.

11. What is the estimated time for a quantum computer to break an RSA key?

• Approximately 5 days.
• Approximately 8 hours.
• Approximately 15 minutes.
• Approximately 2 weeks.

12. How long does it currently take for transactions to be mined in the Bitcoin network?

• About 5 minutes, during peak hours.
• About 10 minutes, unless the network is congested.
• About 30 minutes, in all cases.
• About 15 minutes, regardless of traffic.

13. What is the window of opportunity for an attacker to steal coins during a transaction?

• The window of opportunity is from the moment the public key is revealed until the transaction is mined.
• The window of opportunity is while the transaction is pending in the user`s wallet.
• The window of opportunity is from the moment the transaction is initiated until it is confirmed.
• The window of opportunity is from the time the coins are created until they are spent.

14. What happens if a rogue miner attempts to construct an invalid block in the Bitcoin blockchain?

• The invalid block will automatically become the new block in the blockchain.
• The rogue miner`s block will be accepted by the network without any issues.
• Honest miners will ignore the invalid block and build on top of the most recently accepted valid block.
• The rogue miner will receive rewards for the invalid block.

15. How does the distribution of Bitcoins in different address types affect their vulnerability to quantum attacks?

• Coins in p2pk addresses and reused p2pkh addresses are vulnerable to quantum attacks.
• Coins in p2sh addresses are completely immune to quantum attacks.
• All Bitcoin addresses are equally vulnerable to quantum attacks.
• Bitcoin’s cryptographic system is inherently quantum-safe regardless of address types.

16. What is the main assumption about coins in p2pk addresses?

• These coins are held in multi-signature wallets for extra security.
• These coins are only valid for a limited time.
• These coins were generated through mining and have never been moved from their original address.
• These coins can be freely transferred between addresses without restrictions.

17. Can the Bitcoin blockchain be considered quantum-safe if all vulnerable coins are transferred to safe addresses?

• No, because revealing the public key to transfer coins makes the address vulnerable to quantum attacks.
• Yes, if vulnerable coins are moved to cold storage.
• Yes, because all coins would be safe in new addresses.
• No, because addresses can never be made safe from quantum threats.

18. What is the role of miners in the Bitcoin network?

• Miners compete to process transactions and construct new blocks, awarding them new coins.
• Miners are responsible for advertising Bitcoin to attract users.
• Miners validate government transactions using Bitcoin.
• Miners primarily create software updates for the Bitcoin network.

19. How do miners agree on which transactions to include in a block?

• Miners use a random number generator to select transactions.
• Miners vote on transactions using a majority rule.
• Miners wait for a central authority to approve transactions.
• Miners agree by building on top of blocks they agree with, ignoring invalid blocks.

20. What is the purpose of the Proof-of-Work (PoW) system in Bitcoin?

• The PoW system provides an intentionally strenuous computational task to deter malicious attacks.
• The PoW system helps to centralize control over the Bitcoin network.
• The PoW system ensures quick transaction processing by increasing miner rewards.
• The PoW system is designed to simplify the transaction verification process for users.

21. How does the PoW system’s security strength change under quantum computing?

• The PoW system will be completely broken by quantum computers.
• The PoW system will become totally obsolete due to quantum computing.
• The PoW system’s security strength remains robust but could be marginally undermined by quantum computers.
• The PoW system will be entirely unaffected by quantum computing advancements.

22. What is the significance of post-quantum cryptography in securing Bitcoin?

• Post-quantum cryptography simplifies Bitcoin`s encryption methods.
• Post-quantum cryptography enhances Bitcoin`s security against quantum attacks.
• Post-quantum cryptography increases Bitcoin`s transaction speed.
• Post-quantum cryptography has no effect on Bitcoin`s security.

23. What are some post-quantum algorithms being investigated for use in Bitcoin?

• SHA-256
• AES-256
• RSA-2048
• ML-DSA-44

24. How do post-quantum algorithms improve Bitcoin’s security against quantum attacks?

• Post-quantum algorithms reduce transaction times by optimizing block verification processes.
• Post-quantum algorithms encrypt transactions to prevent quantum computers from deciphering transaction values.
• Post-quantum algorithms modify the Bitcoin supply cap to limit inflation during quantum attacks.
• Post-quantum algorithms create significantly more complex problems for a quantum computer to decode, thereby enhancing Bitcoin’s security.

25. What is the current status of research into post-quantum cryptography for Bitcoin?

• Research into post-quantum cryptography has been completed and is fully implemented.
• Research into post-quantum cryptography has been abandoned due to lack of interest.
• Research into post-quantum cryptography is ongoing, with various algorithms being tested.
• Research into post-quantum cryptography has slowed to a halt as no viable solutions exist.

26. What is the impact of using larger key and signature sizes in post-quantum cryptography?

• Increases complexity, enhancing security but may reduce usability.
• Maintains the same complexity and usability as before.
• Decreases security and usability without any complexity change.
• Makes cryptography faster while simplifying usability issues.

27. How does the implementation of post-quantum cryptography affect the usability of blockchains?

• Post-quantum cryptography has no effect on usability at all.
• Post-quantum cryptography enhances usability without any trade-offs.
• Post-quantum cryptography may reduce usability due to larger keys and signatures.
• Post-quantum cryptography makes blockchains completely unusable.

28. What is the role of NIST in evaluating post-quantum cryptography algorithms?

• NIST evaluates post-quantum cryptography algorithms based on their security levels and performance metrics.
• NIST only certifies existing cryptographic standards without evaluation.
• NIST develops proprietary algorithms for national security applications.
• NIST conducts marketing campaigns for quantum computing companies.

29. What are the NIST levels for some post-quantum cryptography algorithms?

• ML-DSA-44 is at NIST level 2.
• Falcon-1024 is at NIST level 3.
• ML-DSA-65 is at NIST level 1.
• Ed25519 is at NIST level 5.

30. What is the cycle count for signing and verifying signatures using some post-quantum algorithms?

• ML-DSA-65 requires 200k cycles for signing and 150k cycles for verifying.
• Falcon-512 requires 500k cycles for signing and 90k cycles for verifying.
• ML-DSA-44 requires 333k cycles for signing and 118k cycles for verifying.
• Ed25519 requires 300k cycles for signing and 100k cycles for verifying.